I
Academy · Section I
Foundations
What an IPO is, why companies list, how primary issue types differ — IPO, FPO, OFS, QIP, rights issue, buyback.
- WHAT AN IPO IS What is an IPO The first time a company sells its shares to the public — what actually happens, why a company does it, what changes afterwards, and how SEBI decides who is allowed to.
- THE PRIMARY-ISSUE FAMILY What is a buyback: the mirror image of an IPO How a company uses its own cash to buy its own shares back and cancel them — the two methods, the 25% cap, and the rule that makes the capital reduction real.
- THE PRIMARY-ISSUE FAMILY IPO, FPO, OFS, QIP, rights: the one map A company has a handful of distinct ways to raise equity from the market. Three yes/no questions sort all of them.